Such was the case with the following note. Valerie Cox wrote us to explain a problem with our definition of CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black):

‘CMYK is a scheme for combining primary pigments. The C stands for cyan (aqua), M stands for magenta (pink), Y is yellow, and K stands for black.’

The K does not stand for “black,”  it stands for “Key.”  The key color in today’s printing world is black, but it has not always been this way.   During the early days of printing, the colors used for Key have been brown, blue, or black, whichever was the cheapest ink to acquire for the times.”

We should have guessed there was more to that story… we’ve read our alphabet books and we do understand how initialisms work: A is for Apple, K is for… something that starts with K.

Read more about acronyms and initialisms. (It’s interesting. I promise.)

Thanks to Ms. Cox for making us look just that little bit smarter today than we did yesterday!

Fair enough, you think, all the cards are on the table and you know what you’re dealing with.  Prepare to think again. One day, there could be a knock on the door and, in response to your query as to who’s there, you hear: “Candygram.” And THEN, instead of the delicious candy you expect to enjoy, you get robot Armageddon.
Be afraid: Robots have learned to lie

Not only that, they’ve got the ability to pick gullible targets to maximize the effectiveness of their deceit. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a program that allows a robot to discern whether another robot is gullible and then take advantage of its naivety through lies and deception. (See the story here.)

This isn’t the first time that robots have lied — just the first time they were programmed to do so. In 2007, robots that were programmed to learn from experience evolved the ability to lie. Which is all the scarier, isn’t it? Just imagine the nefarious plots they may have been hatching since then…
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Sure — NOW they vacuum and scrub the floor — but what happens when they wise up? The following could be required information when the robots take over. How much do you know about our artificially intelligent friends?

1. The word “robot” was coined in 1920. Is the term:
a. an abbreviation of “row” and “boat,” for an early version that did just that?
b. derived from a Czech word meaning “forced labor?”
c. named for the creator of the first robot, Robert Botsworth?
Answer (Scroll to the end of the definition.)

2. One of the earliest known working robots was da Vinci’s self-propelled car, circa 1478. Was it run by steam pressure or springs?
Answer

3. What’s the term for a robot that is designed to resemble a human?
Answer

4. Which of the following is NOT one of Issac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics:
a. Robots must not meet in secret.
b. Robots must never harm human beings.
c. Robots must protect themselves without violating the other rules.
Answer

5. If the shape-shifting chembot is developed, it could travel over considerable distances carrying an embedded payload, change shape and size as required, and then reconstitute to its original form. What organization recently put out an RFP for its design?
Answer

6. Used with satellites, space probes, and mobile robots, this term describes is the wireless transmission and reception of measured quantities for the purpose of remotely monitoring environmental conditions or equipment parameters. What is it?
Answer

7. Which sense does the field of haptics replicate for the user?
a. vision
b. hearing
c. taste
d. touch
c. smell
Answer

8. Based on a Greek word meaning “steersman” or “governor,” this is the science or study of control or regulation mechanisms in human and machine systems. What is it?
Answer

9. DARPA’s early cyborg insect experiment using wasps was ill-fated. Why?
Answer (Scroll to the end of the definition.)

10. If self-replicating robots ever take over, the resulting situation is sometimes referred to as a gray goo scenario. In this context, what are self-replicating humans sometimes called?
Answer (Scroll to the list at the end of the definition.)

How many could you guess correctly? Let us know!

The first word transmitted on the Internet was “lo.” This seems portentous and prescient, echoing the biblical “lo,” as in “lo and behold.” The funny thing, though, is that the transmission of “lo” was a serendipitous accident.

On his blog, Kleinrock provides the record from his log and explains how the transmission came about:

I was supervising the student/programmer Charley Kline (CSK) and we set up a message transmission to go from the UCLA SDS Sigma 7 Host computer to the SRI SDS 940 Host computer. The transmission itself was simply to “login” to SRI from UCLA. We succeeded in transmitting the “l” and the “o” and then the system crashed! Hence, the first message on the Internet was “lo”! We were able to do the full login about an hour later.

So what happened on September 2? Kleinrock’s team had managed to transmit meaningless data over the Internet’s predecessor, ARPANET.

And the World Wide Web as we know it? It wasn’t born until 1989, when Tim Berners-Lee proposed the great hypertext project that would make it possible for all of us to connect and share information the way we do.

Whether September 2 or October 29 gets title, here we are almost 41 years after the birth of, arguably, the major technological phenomenon of the past century. The Internet has transformed the way we live.

And lo, it is good. And bad. And all the things you’d expect from giving humans the potential to connect with anyone, anywhere.

Apparently the Flexible Display Center at Arizona State University is working with the US army on flexible, non-breakable devices that could be used in the field — even on the battlefield. These would fit the bill for fully-rugged devices, designed from the inside out to be impervious to just about any environmental threat.

The article also quotes Nicholas Negroponte of the One Laptop Per Child project. His group expects to release a sub-$100 slate computer similar to the iPad by 2012. Negroponte says the device will be plastic and unbreakable, and will have power requirements so low that it can be charged by shaking it or winding it up.

Bilton credits the $100 laptop project with influencing the development of cheap netbooks. The article suggests that, similarly, the price of e-readers is likely to drop sharply — perhaps sinking as low as $20.

You know what this could mean? I’m going to get my electronic newspaper!

Brogan has approximately a gazillion followers, so when he retweeted that link today, I clicked right on through to the post.

The quick and dirty version: It’s tweet integrity. Send out information that other people will want to receive.

That’s right. In a nutshell: Make your tweets worth reading and more people will follow you on Twitter.

Other useful nuggets of advice include retweeting good tweets from other people (That’s extra sneaky, because it’s so EASY and they LIKE it!), sharing useful info and so on.

It’s positively revolutionary! It’s like — selling more product by ensuring the quality of said product! Wow.

I was pretty sure it was all about tricking people, or circumventing Google’s algorithm in some particularly devious fashion. Time to rethink that whole MO.

Seriously? I feel a bit better now. There’s this perception that any tweep worth her salt has thousands upon thousands of followers. And I guess there are ways of getting them — mostly through automatically following big, undifferentiated clumps of them — upon which people will follow you back. Even if nobody ever reads a word of anyone else’s tweets.

I’m going to sound like a cheese commercial here, I know, but…

I like to select my Tweeps the old-fashioned way. By looking at their profile pages and — yes — checking to see if what they have to say is anything I’m interested in hearing. In turn, I hope that people I follow will also see some reason for following me back and we can all get down to some actual communication.

See also Twitter and tweeting for business.

Follow me on Twitter @tao_of_grammar.

In 2010 the number of files, images, records and other digital information containers will grow by a factor of 67, a study has said.

The latest EMC-sponsored Digital Universe study has said that the amount of digital information created last year grew 62% over 2008 to 800 billion gigabytes (0.8 Zettabytes).

A zettabyte is the equivalent of:

• A million petabytes — each of which equals a million gigabytes
• A billion terabytes
• A thousand exabytes
• The total storage capacity of 75 billion 16 GB iPads
• All the information in all the academic libraries in the US — times half a million
• The output of every inhabitant of the planet tweeting, non-stop, for a century.

The vast majority of that is unstructured data. Unstructured data (data that isn’t organized into some kind of structure, such as a database) was once like the tree falling in the forest with no one to hear - the information was there but nobody was getting it. But now people are developing apps that can pull information out of all that data.

So the next question is “What comes after a zettabyte?” Turns out it’s a yottabyte. Even though I’m pretty sure they thought they were done when they got to zettabytes, because they’re named for the last letter of the alphabet. Anyway, they back-tracked to “Y” and then skipped back to “B” for “brontobyte.” I’m guessing named for the brontosaurus, which was one of the bigger dinosaurs.

See our Kilo, mega, giga, tera, peta, and all that definition.

Writing today about desktop supercomputers and looking back to the systems of the last century, when a teraflop used to be fast.

Desktop supercomputers don’t approach the speeds of high-performance systems — even the least powerful supercomputer in the Top 500 list is many times faster than any desktop supercomputer.

The first supercomputer capable of teraflop performance (able to perform a trillion floating point operations per second) was the Cray T3E-1200E, in 1998. It took desktop supercomputers about a decade longer to attain that speed. However, teraflop systems of the late 1990s couldn’t quite fit on a desktop — they had a footprint the size of a room.

Anyway, now high-performance supercomputers have broken the petaflop barrier. And people are talking about mobile phone supercomputing. Yup, we’re living in the future.

Marcia Savage reports on the changing trend:

According to a new report, in 2009, malicious attacks accounted for more of the reported data security breaches than human error, a trend that has not been seen in the past three years.

Hacker attacks or theft by nefarious insiders made up 36.4% of 354 reported data security breaches last year, compared to 27.5% caused by accidental exposure or lost data, according to the 2009 Identity Theft Resource Center Breach Report, which was released Friday. The San Diego, Calif.-based nonprofit ITRC, which collects publicly available information about data security breaches, has been tracking how breaches occur for the past three years.

“It isn’t surprising,” said Linda Foley, ITRC founder. “We’ve been saying for a long time that the thieves are becoming more sophisticated.”

> Read on…

As I mentioned in my 2008 Valentine’s Day post, scientists are the geek’s real heartthrobs. David Friedman put together a great collection of printer-ready Valentines featuring Carl Sagan, Einstein, Marie Curie and many others.

You might also like to check out our former Assistant Editor Alex Howard’s Valentine’s advice for Geeks. It’s also from 2008 but its appeal is timeless. Especially that original Internet Love Song.

Then, check out your Latin Lover quotient with our quiz. Will you be able to say “Veni, vidi, vici?”

We’ve also got a special Valentine’s grammar post about affect vs. effect and amorous cats and a little Valentine’s trivia. Do you know what famous writer composed the first Valentine’s verse?

Some of the comments on the Valentines page are priceless too. I especially liked the guy who said he didn’t think that any of them were likely to help him further his DNA (if ya know what he means).

You never know, though some of us really like geeky guys with a sense of humor. Serious smarts + corny jokes = we heart you.

Happy Valentine’s Day!

On the Digital Frontiers blog, Allan Long writes about the canny marketing behind the MacBook Air:

Jobs has a strong understanding of how the web has changed the game; he knew that blogs and journalists had endlessly speculated about the product he would reveal and Apple built up the anticipation even further with banners hinting at “something in the air”. Tech blogs created tags for the Air and anticipation continued to ratchet up – modern consumers were rabid for news about a product they actually had to wait for. Jobs’s keynote at Macworld was masterful. Using his informal style (he knew he was also speaking to nerds in their boxer shorts across the world) and a simple presentation that emphasized the visual wow factor of the Air’s design (what tech bloggers and their readers were most likely to drool over), Jobs nailed the big reveal. Having the Air be the last product in the last speech mirrored the secretive feel of the product and lathered up tech writers even more. Apple wanted people to know about their product – but by making it seem like they were trying to keep it secret they made it more enticing.

So did the product live up to the build-up?

The Air really did not live up to its hype, but its hype was groundbreaking in its magnitude. Google trends shows the Macbook Air never again came remotely close to the level of interest they manufactured around that keynote address.

The Whatis.com Word of the Day today is MacBook Air.