Routers

Generic Cisco RAM

Cisco routers and switches are like any other piece of computing hardware. It needs slow long-term storage and fast short-term storage. In the case of a Cisco 2821 router this equates to compact flash storage for the long slow storage and regular RAM for the fast short-term storage.

Typically, people think if I am going to add RAM to a Cisco router then I will need Cisco brand RAM. While the logic is sound it misses a standard point. The RAM in a Cisco router is the same RAM they sell off of eBay or for HP, IBM or Dell computers. You don’t have to purchase the Cisco brand.

Recently, we priced out some RAM for a Cisco 2821 for a 1 GB strip of the generic stuff it was just over 100 dolllars. The Cisco RAM was about 3,000 dollars for basically the same thing.

The moral of the story, make sure you know what your buying.

Cisco Feature Comparison Tool

The need for more robust hardware is always a struggle. Cisco hardware is very exspensive so you always want to do more with it than you origianlly intended. What seems to always end up happening for me is that I load the IOS with just the features that I need and then later I need to a feature that isn’t in that version of the IOS. The question is always “Which version of the IOS does what I need it to do”?

Now there is a tool that will allow you to compare the features of the different flavours of Cisco IOS. The Cisco Feature Navigator FAQ found here allows you to compare and contrast different flavours of different of the same version of the IOS or different versions of the same flavour. It is a tool worth checking out.

How-to Set the Time on Your Servers and Routers

(Windows, Cisco and HP Procurve)

Time synchronization on your network gear is very important. Logs, IPSec tunnels and other services rely on the correct time to make sure that they are doing their jobs properly and securely. In order to synchronize the time your network gear (routers and switches) will need to be manageable and have IP addresses that can reach the time synchronization sources that you are going to set.

To Start: Picking the service
There are lots of time sources that you can use that are outside of your internal network. You will need at least one device that is synchronizing with the outside world at the least if not more. Below are the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) list of time sources but any will work.

Windows:
Since it is likely that almost everyone will have Windows boxes is logical to start here first.

Step 1: Open a command prompt by going to Start → Run → cmd → ok
Step 2: Enter in the following commands in order to set the time service.

net time /setsntp:(Server)
For example net time /setsntp:time-a.nist.gov
Step 3: Stop and start the time service in order for the changes to take effect by running these commands.

net stop w32time
net start w32time

Cisco:
While the commands and methods for time synchronization for both Cisco and HP are similar there are some definite differences. After logging into the router here are the commands that you can run.

Step 1: Get into configuration mode
Router# conf t

Step 2: Tell the device which server to synchronization the time to
Router# ntp server 192.168.1.15

Step 3: Set the timezone
Router# clock timezone PST -8

Step 4: Set daylight savings
Router(config)# clock summer-time CDT recurring

HP Procurve:
After logging into the HP switch with manager rights.

Step 1: Get into configuration mode and enter these commands.
Router# conf t

Step 2: Set the server
Router# sntp server time-a.nist.gov

Step 3: Set the protocol for time synchronization to sntp since the default is timep for HP devices.
Router# timesync sntp

Step 4: Set the type of sntp to unicast since the default for HP devices is multi-cast.
Router # sntp unicast

Step 5: Set the daylight savings time information
Router# time daylight-time-rule User-defined begin-date 3/11 end-date 11/4

Links:
NIST How-to for serveral OS’s: http://tf.nist.gov/service/its.htm
David Davis gives the details for the Cisco devices: http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-10878_11-6129454.html