Router Troubleshooting

Oct 11 2009   6:05AM GMT

“Show processes cpu sorted” good command to troubleshoot a Cisco Router CPU utilization

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Cisco Routers, Cisco Switches, CPU Utilization, show processes cpu sorted, show processes cpu history, troubleshooting, Router Troubleshooting, switch troubleshooting, IOS 12.2 T, CPU utilization graph, Yasir, Network Technologies and Trends

During base lining or troubleshooting activity you may need to determine out the CPU Utilization of your Cisco router or Switch. While exploring to find out the top 10 ten CPU utilization process in a Cisco router, I discovered the sorted option of the “show processes cpu” command.

The sorted option is really a beneficial option in the “show processes cpu” command which can help you to find out the load of your Cisco router or a Switch over the last 5 seconds, 1 minute and 5 minutes. Starting in IOS 12.2 T, the “show processes cpu history” command gives a nice CPU utilization graph.

At times it is helpful to sort the processes by their percentage of CPU utilization. To do this you can use the show processes cpu sorted command as follows:

Some of the sample output is as follows

…. rest deleted……

 

Sep 8 2009   9:45AM GMT

Remote Telnet useful tips!

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Switches, Cisco, Cisco Tips, Cisco 3560, Cisco Learning, Network Troubleshooting, IOS commands, Cisco Routers, reload, Cisco Switch, Cisco Troubleshooting, Router Troubleshooting, Telnet, SSH

 

We all work remotely with Cisco routers and Switches, we often do login to do some configuration changes in the Cisco routers and Switches. What if we configured wrongly in the live Cisco routers and Switches which are located in the remote sites, we don’t enjoy the liberty of resetting the devices unless we have control over the power distribution.

 

In this scenario the “reload” command proves to be very handy and useful. Just before making any changes to the configuration we can use the “reload” command as demonstrated below

 

ITKE-Cisco#reload in ?

Delay before reload (mmm or hhh:mm)

 

ITKE-Cisco#reload in 10

 

System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no

Building configuration…

[OK]

Reload scheduled in 10 minutes by yasir on vty0 (10.0.0.5)

Proceed with reload? [confirm]

ITKE-Cisco#

ITKE-Cisco#

 

 

***

*** — SHUTDOWN in 0:05:00 —

***

 

The above demonstrated command will reload the device in 10 minutes. After applying the “reload” command we can proceed with the configuration changes. If things go wrong and we lost connectivity

to the device, then try back after 10 minutes as the device will get reloaded with the original startup-configuration which can helps us to restore the connectivity to the device.

 

Once we are sure about the new configuration and its working properly without any hassles there is always a way  “reload cancel” command is there to cancel the reload.

 

ITKE-Cisco#reload cancel

 

I find this command to be very handy and useful especially when we have to telnet or SSH to remote Cisco router or a Switch.

Dec 13 2008   6:27AM GMT

How to configure an interface to default settings in a Cisco Switch or a Cisco Router?

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Switches, Cisco, Routers, Switching, Routing and Switching, Cisco IOS, Routing, Cisco 2960, Cisco 2950, Cisco 6500, Cisco Tips, Cisco 3560, Cisco 3745, Cisco 3750-E, Router Troubleshooting, Cisco 877W Router, Cisco 6500 Series Catalyst Switch, Cisco 6503, Cisco Catalyst 6503-E Switch, Cisco Catalyst 6506-E Switch, Cisco Catalyst 6509-V-E Switch, Cisco Catalyst 6509-E Switch, Cisco Catalyst 6513 Switch

This is a cool command to erase just the configuration for a particular interface in a Cisco Switch or a Cisco Router.

In the following example we will configure the interface fast Ethernet 0/9  to default configuration

Current Configuration for fast Ethernet 0/9  

ITKE-Cisco#sho running-config interface fastEthernet 0/9

Building configuration…

 

Current configuration : 85 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/9

 switchport access vlan 100

 switchport mode access

end

ITKE-Cisco

 

Now we will configure the fast Ethernet 0/9 to default configuration using the following command

“default interface fastEthernet 0/9” 

ITKE-Cisco#configure t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

ITKE-Cisco(config)#default interface fastEthernet 0/9

Interface FastEthernet0/6 set to default configuration

ITKE-Cisco(config)#

 

Running configuration for fast Ethernet 0/9 after configuring to default settings

ITKE-Cisco#sho running-config interface fastEthernet 0/9

Building configuration…

 

Current configuration : 68 bytes

!

interface FastEthernet0/9

 switchport mode dynamic desirable

end

 

ITKE-Cisco#

Aug 20 2008   6:22AM GMT

What is Service timestamps logging, and how it can be configured Cisco Switch or a Router?

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Switches, Cisco, Cisco 2950, Cisco 6500, Cisco 3745, Syslog, IOS commands, Router Troubleshooting, Service timestamp

Logging is a quite essential part of a secure network configuration. Logging not only helps the Network Administrators to identify the issue while troubleshooting, also enables them to react to intrusion attempts or Denial-of –Service attacks.

By default  on Cisco IOS , no timestamp information is included; however, you can enable timestamps and also modify the format of the timestamp attached to SYSLOG message by using the service timestamps log global configuration commands as follows:

ITKE(Config)# service timestamps log {uptime |datetime [msec |localtime |show-timezone]}

I will demonstrate how to configure a Cisco IOS Switch to log the datetime and loclatime.

Before Configuring the service timestamps log you will get the following logs in a IOS Switch.

ITKE#sho log

Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 0 messages rate-limited, 0 flushes, 0 overruns, xml disabled, filtering disabled)

No Active Message Discriminator.

No Inactive Message Discriminator.

   Console logging: level debugging, 453895 messages logged, xml disabled,

                     filtering disabled

    Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged, xml disabled,

                     filtering disabled

    Buffer logging:  level debugging, 453895 messages logged, xml disabled,

                    filtering disabled

    Exception Logging: size (4096 bytes)

    Count and timestamp logging messages: disabled

    File logging: disabled

    Persistent logging: disabled

    Trap logging: level informational, 453898 message lines logged

        Logging to 10.0.0.2  (udp port 514,  audit disabled,

              authentication disabled, encryption disabled, link up),

              453898 message lines logged,

              0 message lines rate-limited,

              0 message lines dropped-by-MD,

              xml disabled, sequence number disabled

              filtering disabled

        Logging to 10.0.0.1  (udp port 514,  audit disabled,

              authentication disabled, encryption disabled, link up),

              453898 message lines logged,

              0 message lines rate-limited,

              0 message lines dropped-by-MD,

              xml disabled, sequence number disabled

              filtering disabled

          Log Buffer (4096 bytes):

17w5d: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/41, changed state to down

17w5d: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/41, changed state to up

17w5d: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/41, changed state to up

17w5d: %SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGP: list 102 permitted tcp 10.0.0.6(49336) -> 0.0.0.0(23), 1 packet

Now we will configure the Cisco IOS Switch with the Service timestamp log command with date & local time of the Switch by issuing the following command from the global configuration mode. 

ITKE(config)#service timestamps log datetime localtime

Here are the details of log show in the switch after configuring the service timestamps log command

ITKE#sho log

Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 0 messages rate-limited, 0 flushes, 0 overruns, xml disabled, filtering disabled)

No Active Message Discriminator.

No Inactive Message Discriminator.

    Console logging: level debugging, 454006 messages logged, xml disabled,

                     filtering disabled

    Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged, xml disabled,

                     filtering disabled

    Buffer logging:  level debugging, 454006 messages logged, xml disabled,

                    filtering disabled

    Exception Logging: size (4096 bytes)

    Count and timestamp logging messages: disabled

    File logging: disabled

    Persistent logging: disabled

    Trap logging: level informational, 454009 message lines logged

        Logging to 10.0.0.2  (udp port 514,  audit disabled,

              authentication disabled, encryption disabled, link up),

              454009 message lines logged,

              0 message lines rate-limited,

              0 message lines dropped-by-MD,

              xml disabled, sequence number disabled

              filtering disabled

        Logging to 10.0.0.1  (udp port 514,  audit disabled,

              authentication disabled, encryption disabled, link up),

              454009 message lines logged,

              0 message lines rate-limited,

              0 message lines dropped-by-MD,

              xml disabled, sequence number disabled

              filtering disabled

         

Log Buffer (4096 bytes):

Aug 20 09:10:48: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to up

Aug 20 09:10:49: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to up

Aug 20 09:10:55: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by yasir on vty2 (10.0.0.6)

Aug 20 09:11:19: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to down

Aug 20 09:11:20: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to down

Aug 20 09:11:22: %SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGP: list 102 permitted tcp 10.0.0.1(44420) -> 0.0.0.0(23), 1 packet

Aug 20 09:11:23: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to up

Aug 20 09:11:24: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/13, changed state to up

Aug 20 09:11:37: %SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGP: list 102 permitted tcp 10.0.0.6(49493) -> 0.0.0.0(23), 1 packet

ITKE#

Aug 5 2008   6:52AM GMT

Show Commands in Cisco Routers and Layer 3 Switches(Most commonly used)Series -2

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Networking, Switches, Cisco, Routers, Cisco Tips, Cisco 3560, Show commands, IOS commands, Router Troubleshooting

In my previous post I tried to cover some of the show commands which are quite useful to any Network Administrator to manage the day to day activities. In this post I will try to complete the set of 10 show commands I selected.

1. Show access-list

The show access-list displays the contents of each access list. It is very helpful in troubleshooting filtering issues.  But this command does not show you where each access list is applied.

2. Show ip interface

The show ip interface command displays very useful information about configuration & status of IP protocols, it services on all available interfaces.  The show ip interface command also provides information about the access lists applied in all interfaces and also in which direction. This kind of information is not shown by the “show access-list” command. Even the “show run” command displays the information about access lists.

3. Show cdp neighbor detail

The show cdp neighbor detail command displays the information about all the neighboring devices connected with most valuable information like IP addresses, platform and host names. The show cdp neighbor details is very helpful to troubleshoot the connectivity issued and can also used to find out how devices are connected to each other especially when there is nor proper network layouts.

4. Show version

The show version command displays the detail information about the IOS installed, file named used for the IOS along with the version of IOS, router configuration register, model of the router , when the router was rebooted last time of course the amount  of RAM and flash.

 5. Show flash

The show flash command displays the contents of the flash and the size of the IOS files and the size of the flash and freely available flash. It’s useful whenever the IOS is upgraded to check the amount of free space available.  

Aug 2 2008   6:43AM GMT

Show Commands in Cisco Routers and Layer 3 Switches(Most commonly used)Series -1

Posted by: Yasir Irfan
Switches, Cisco, Routers, Cisco 2950, Cisco 6500, Cisco Tips, Cisco 3560, ASA/PIX, Cisco 525, PIX 525, Cisco 3745, Cisco 3750-E, Cisco 3560-E, Show commands, IOS commands, Router Troubleshooting

Some of the widely used commands in Cisco routers are just simple unavoidable, among the most commonly used commands in a Cisco Routers are “show” commands. These commands are essential to Network Administrators. Here is a list of those commands. I will try to cover this in two series. Here is the first series

1. Show running-configuration

The show running-configuration command shows the complete current running configuration in a router, firewall or a switch. Using show running-configuration command a network administrator can troubleshoot almost all issues related routing, filtering secure access, encapsulation, interface mismatch, and many more issues.

2. Show startup-configuration

The show startup-configuration command shows the configuration that is saved on the NVRAM. It is helpful in knowing the configuration that will be applied the next time the routers is reloaded. And also this command is useful in knowing the configuration that was loaded at the start-up of the router before making changes to it.  3. Show Interface

The Show interface command shows the status and statistics of the router interfaces. The show interface command is useful to troubleshoot the routing and link issues. The show interface command output includes interface status, interface IP address and subnet mask, protocol status on an interface, encapsulation type, bandwidth, utilization and much more information related to interface operation.

4. Show ip route

The show ip route command shows the routers routing table.  Routing protocols used and what networks these protocols are advertised. The show ip route command is used to troubleshoot routing problems.

5. Show ip protocols

The show ip protocols displays the routing protocols used in a router and the networks to which these protocols are advertised. It also shows the sources of the routing updates received and very helpful to troubleshoot routing issues.