IT Governance, Risk, and Compliance » IT Service Delivery http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance Mon, 20 May 2013 00:56:50 +0000 en-US hourly 1 A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data – Part II http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-ii/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-ii/#comments Sat, 15 Sep 2012 00:24:41 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=1478 All of the computers and other hardware connected to a particular network must follow the same rules or operations commonly called protocols. Operational rules are typically divided up into layers so a programmer or network administrator need only be concerned with the layer with which the software is communicating. In defining these layers, reference models have been created. At this level, available reference models for classifying communication protocols and protocol suites include the: U.S. Department of Defense, Open Systems Interconnection and Berkeley University framework.

In order to send data over a network, the necessary programs must be executed. However, datum must be organized for transmission. Consequently, a very important networking concept is the packet. Packets are telecommunication units transmitted from a sending device to a receiving device with an appended header. Substantively, a packet header contains information that is required to transfer attached data across the network.

“View Part I of the A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data series here”

 

Post Note: “A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data – Part II” was originally published through Suite101.com under the title “A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data”

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-ii/feed/ 0 A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data – Part I http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-i/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-i/#comments Thu, 13 Sep 2012 00:42:31 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=1471 Any distributed IT infrastructure requires a complex set of communication functions for proper operation. Many of these functions, such as reliability mechanisms, are common across IT architectures. Thus, the communication task is generally viewed as consisting of a modular architecture, in which the various elements of the IT configuration perform designated functions.

Standard network telecommunication approaches

There are two major concepts regarding how communication occurs on networks: successive-links and direct-links. Successive-links exist when a definite connection is made from one computer to another until the destination is reached. Alternatively, networks may establish direct-links between sending points and destination points.

 

Post Note: “A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data – Part I” was originally published through Suite101.com under the title “A Few Fundamentals of Networking Electronically Encoded Data”

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/a-few-fundamentals-of-networking-electronically-encoded-data-part-i/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part VIII http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-viii/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-viii/#comments Tue, 08 Mar 2011 20:41:44 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=877 Given the proliferation of available hardware and software products that enable capitalizing on benefits associated with IT virtualization, when IT employees fail to perform effective configuration management; potential threats to the IT architecture are significantly increased. Besides managing the common risks associated with utilizing virtual memory and system virtual machines, additional procedures are necessary due to the inherent control weakness in program conversion to binary code for deployed process virtual machines. In particular, since process virtual machines are typically implemented using a program interpreter that relies on just-in-time source code compilation, programs are more susceptible to task modification. Thus, IT virtualization technology must be controlled to prevent service disruptions to end users and financial losses to the entity.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-viii/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part VII http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vii/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vii/#comments Fri, 04 Mar 2011 18:42:39 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=873 As with any IT architecture item, to address the entity’s processing needs, virtual machines require execution of effective configuration management. Application of effective configuration management principles and practices “enables management to reduce the risk of requiring back-out due to inadequate preparation and/or incompatible changes affecting system availability and data processing integrity.” Therefore, an entity’s IT management should ensure the IT department has:

  • undertaken configuration management planning
  • identified configuration items
  • established a configuration management database
  • established a definitive software library
  • recorded configuration controls
  • maintained the status of configuration items
  • tracked the status of configuration items
  • reviewed configuration items against configuration management database records
  • managed configuration item libraries, licenses, and stores

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vii/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part VI http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vi/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vi/#comments Tue, 01 Mar 2011 16:21:52 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=871 Though a process virtual machine can be considered an application-orientated system virtual machine; process virtual machine uniqueness resides in the provisioning of “a platform-independent programming environment that abstracts away details of the underlying hardware or operating system, and allows a program to execute in the same way on any platform.” Moreover, a process virtual machine executes as a normal application inside operating systems and only supports a single process. It is created when a process is started and dismantled when the process has concluded. At this configuration level, appropriate utilization of command services is a practical method for controlling a process virtual machine.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-vi/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part V http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-v/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-v/#comments Fri, 25 Feb 2011 17:47:56 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=868 Derived from virtual memory concepts, virtual machines are a distinct IT configuration class. Under the virtual machine class, a ‘system virtual machine’ represents one physical unit subdivided so each of the component partitions function independently. The attractiveness of this technique is that it enables the deployment of more than one similar or dissimilar operating system within an IT hardware configuration. In addition, a ‘system virtual machine’ allows for the tandem operation of two or more programs within the definitions of multiprocessing. Control over the ‘system virtual machine’ is achieved through a virtual machine monitor (also known as a hypervisor) that typically provides consolidation, stability, security, flexibility, migration, and cloning capabilities.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-v/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part IV http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iv/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iv/#comments Tue, 22 Feb 2011 23:34:41 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=864 Demand paging is a technique wherein computer memory is divided into fixed-length blocks. These fixed-length blocks, commonly referred to as pages, can be effectively exchanged or swapped back and forth between primary and secondary storage devices as required. When a page is needed, the location must be immediately determinable. If a page is located in primary memory, it is bound for use in performing the originating object’s objective. That is, memory is relocated and/or attached to permit the completion of the originating program’s functions, even if the page is in a secondary storage device. Generally, control software employs tables to accomplish the task of making pages accessible for processing.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iv/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part III http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iii/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iii/#comments Fri, 18 Feb 2011 21:11:06 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=862 Virtual memory is typically implemented based on at least one of two principle techniques: demand segmentation and demand paging.

Demand segmentation is a technique in which locating computer objects is determined by criteria applied only at the moment of need. Employing primary and secondary storage devices, this technique allocates memory segments as they are required. Concurrently, control software manages the availability of memory segments and connects each incoming module to its originating program according to its function within the IT configuration. A control routine then links the internal and external modules, managing while processing both permanent and transient objects as necessary.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-iii/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part II http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-ii/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-ii/#comments Tue, 15 Feb 2011 22:06:21 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=858 IT virtualization services are derived from the application of virtual memory deployment conventions. In layperson terms, virtual memory exists when the operating system separates end-user logical addressable space from physical addressable space, thus allowing the end-user to have access to memory essentially equivalent to the total primary and secondary storage capacity associated with an IT configuration. Commonly, the primary storage unit associated with an IT configuration is a Random Access Memory card, while the secondary storage unit is typically a hard disk drive capable of reading and writing electronically encoded datum.

Technically, virtual memory is the space defined by the range of allocated addresses that are not part of the physical addressing scheme of the computer. Thus, the virtual memory concept assumes that the storage capacity of an IT configuration item extends beyond its physical limitations. Whereby, to the end-user, it appears as if unlimited memory is available to execute a requested IT service.

“View Part I of the Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory series here“

]]> http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-ii/feed/ 0 Managing the Growth and Impact of Virtual Machines and Memory – Part I http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-i/ http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/managing-the-growth-and-impact-of-virtual-machines-and-memory-part-i/#comments Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:46:02 +0000 Robert Davis http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/it-governance/?p=856 IT virtualization represents the creation of a seemly boundless version of an IT resource to the end-user. Historically, once a suitable means of multiprogramming was discovered for processing datum, efforts to expand the utilization of IT were vigorously pursued. IT virtualization is one productive outcome of these efforts to enhance IT architectural capacity. Consequently, the virtual concept is now pervasive in most IT configurations available for deployment and in many entities considered a key component for ensuring IT availability.

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