SAS 70

SAS 70 and Business Continuity Planning (BCM) | What you Need to Know

As a SAS 70 auditor, i’m often asked if Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery (or any of the other similar terms and phrases used) is part of the actual SAS 70 audit. In fairness, it is even though “technically” it does not fall into a scope of a SAS 70 Type I or SAS 70 Type II audit. How’s that, you ask? Simple, according to the AICPA publication on Statement on Auditing Standard No. 70, “plans” such as BCDRP, BCM, etc. are not “controls” thus they are not considered to be part of the audit. Now, that’s the technical understanding. To be blunt, in today’s post 9/11 world we live in, Business Continuity is very much part of any service organization’s critical infrastructure, and as such, many CPA firms actually “test” to ensure an organization has a Business Continuity plan and supporting documentation in place. And no, they don’t test the plan to see if it works, they simply validate that a documented BCM plan is in place.

In short, don’t be surprised if you find information in a SAS 70 Type I or Type II audit relating to BCM. It may be in the form of a control objective that was tested or it may simply be “additional information” provided by the service organization that is actually going through the audit.

To learn more about SAS 70 audits, visit the official SAS 70 Resource Guide.

SAS 70 Audits | How Expensive are They and What is the true Cost?

As a SAS 70 auditor for a nationally recognized boutique CPA firm, i can honestly attest to the fact that SAS 70 pricing is still all over the map. I hear of SAS 70 Type I audits costing as little as $12,000 to SAS 70 Type II reports costing as much as $70,000. That’s not too say these prices are “incorrect”, rather, you have to try and understand the true “scope” of the audit and what is actually being covered in the SAS 70 Type I or SAS 70 Type II audit. Remember, there is without question a baseline cost involved in every SAS 70, but the scope of the audit is what will ultimately determine the fee for a Type I or a Type II audit.

If you want to learn more about pricing for SAS 70 audits along with other essential auditing information concerning Type I and Type II audits, then visit the official SAS 70 Resource Guide, where a wealth of information is provided on Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70 (SAS 70).

And remember, the lowest fee is by no means the best fee for your organization. Pricing alone should not dictate who you would use to conduct your SAS 70 Type I or Type II audit.

PCI DSS | SAS 70 | Finding Resources to Learn about Compliance

PCI DSS and SAS 70 Type I and Type II audits are a mainstay in today’s regulatory arena. As such, i’m often asked what are some of the best resources available to learn about the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) initiative and the SAS 70 audit requirements.

PCI DSS
pcisecuritystandards is the official site for PCI DSS compliance. It was put forth by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council, commonly known as the PCI SSC. The major payment brands have effectively endorsed the PCI DSS standards, thus you can learn all you need to know about PCI DSS by visiting their site. The left column gives you quick links to all the important PCI DSS information. Their are also some very helpful forums such as pcianswers and pcidssguru. These sites are managed by industry veterans in the Payments Industry and they give you unbiased and straight answers to any questions you may have.

SAS 70
The official AICPA website offers little in the way of education on SAS 70 audits. They do sell a book on SAS 70, but it is primarily geared towards auditors and is written in a technical manner. The other solution is to visit the Official SAS 70 Resource Guide, where you can watch training videos and learn all aspects of SAS 70 Type I and Type II audits.

SAS 70 Audits for Data Centers | Why the Trend will Continue

SAS 70 audits have quickly become a high priority for data centers, co-location entities and managed service providers as of late. And there are plenty of reasons why this trend will continue go grow. The number of organizations that have buried the client server architecture is growing every day, resulting in a huge surge for data centers. In fact, most quality data centers in the United States are having little or no challenges in filling up their data center floor space. From traditional ping, power and pipe to fully managed services, data centers are becoming a necessity for most businesses today. As a result of this, their respective compliance requirements will continue to expand also. From SAS 70 to PCI DSS, just to name a few, data centers are being hit hard with the regulatory compliance bug.

Add to the fact that many data centers are now physically housing sensitive health care and financial information for many of their clients. As such, client requests for the security, confidentiality and integrity of this data are being validated via SAS 70 Type II audits. This “trend” if you want to call it that, will become a mandatory requirement for any data center seeking to grow and prosper in the coming years.

Visit the official SAS 70 Resource Guide to learn more about SAS 70 Type I and Type II audits.

GLBA and Data Centers | Tips for Compliance

GLBA Privacy Rule
Protecting the privacy of consumer information held by “financial institutions” and other third party vendors and service providers that provide “support services” to these “financial institutions” is at the heart of the financial privacy provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999. The GLB Act requires companies to give consumers privacy notices that explain the institutions’ information-sharing practices. In turn, consumers have the right to limit some - but not all - sharing of their information.

The GLB Act applies to “financial institutions” and other third party vendors and service providers; companies that offer and support financial products or services to individuals, like loans, financial or investment advice, or insurance. The Federal Trade Commission has authority to enforce the law with respect to “financial institutions” that are not covered by the federal banking agencies, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and state insurance authorities. Among the institutions that fall under FTC jurisdiction for purposes of the GLB Act are non-bank mortgage lenders, loan brokers, some financial or investment advisers, tax preparers, providers of real estate settlement services, and debt collectors. At the same time, the FTC’s regulation applies only to companies that are “significantly engaged” in such financial activities, such as DATA CENTERS.

The law requires that financial institutions protect information collected about individuals; it does not apply to information collected in business or commercial activities.

Consumers and Customers
A company’s obligations under the GLB Act depend on whether the company has consumers or customers who obtain its services. A consumer is an individual who obtains or has obtained a financial product or service from a financial institution for personal, family or household reasons. A customer is a consumer with a continuing relationship with a financial institution. Generally, if the relationship between the financial institution and the individual is significant and/or long-term, the individual is a customer of the institution. For example, a person who gets a mortgage from a lender or hires a broker to get a personal loan is considered a customer of the lender or the broker, while a person who uses a check-cashing service is a consumer of that service.

Thus, in short data centers may very well be called upon to become GLBA compliant via an audit or assessment process. My advice, find a competent SAS 70 auditor who can help incorporate GLBA tests into a SAS 70 or find a competent GLBA auditor.

HIPAA Privacy Rule | Attention Data Centers | Are you HIPAA Compliant?

First it was SAS 70, then PCI, now HIPAA is fast becoming a requirement for data centers. Here’s what you need to know about the HIPAA Privacy Rule.

An electronic medical record (EMR) is usually a computerized legal medical record created in an organization in which the health information system allows storage, retrieval and manipulation of these respective records.

Electronic medical records, similar to that of hard copy medical records, must be kept in unaltered form and authenticated by the creator. Under data protection legislation, such as HIPAA, responsibility for patient records (irrespective of the form they are kept in) is always on the creator along with one of many custodians of the records, usually a health care practice, facility, or entity, such as DATA CENTERS.

Privacy Rule: The HIPAA Privacy Rule regulates the use and disclosure of certain information held by “covered entities”, which includes health care clearinghouses, employer sponsored health plans, health insurers, and medical service providers that engage in certain transactions. It establishes regulations for the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI).
Although HIPAA was enacted in 1996, the enforcement of the Privacy Rule began in 2003. The Privacy Rule mandates the following:

• Regulates the use and disclosure of protected health information by health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers who transmit financial and administrative transactions electronically.
• Establishes a set of basic consumer protections
• Permits any person to file an administrative complaint for violations
• Authorizes the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.

If your data center needs to be compliant with HIPAA, then find a competent auditor to assist you.

HIPAA Compliance for Data Centers | The How and Why

HIPAA compliance for data centers is fast becoming a hot topic in regulatory compliance. It first started with Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70 (SAS 70), it is now moving onto the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) provisions, and how the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandates may very well be next on the horizon.

In short, it is a string of compliance requirements that has and will continue to be had for data centers, co-location, and managed service entities. And why? Because these types of businesses are at the forefront of virtualization, cloud computing, hybrid clouds, software as a service (SaaS) platforms

So, if a data center undertakes a HIPAA assessment or audit, are they HIPAA compliant, do they get a HIPAA certificate, etc? The best way to answer that is an accounting firm would undertake an Agreed Upon Procedure (AUP) audit an the audit itself would test the requirements as stated in the HIPAA provisions. You would then end up with a data center that is compliant with these very provisions.

In subsequent blogs, i’ll discuss the scope of a HIPAA assessment/audit for a data center.

Protecting the Privacy of Social Security Numbers Act | S. 141

Congress yet again is combating the fraud issues associated with private consumer information. The “Protecting the Privacy of Social Security Numbers Ac” (S. 141) is another good example of this.

Essentially, this bill encompasses the following measures:

It prohibits any person from displaying, selling, purchasing an individual’s Social Security number without the affirmative, express consent of the individual, subject to a number of exceptions (e.g., for national security, law enforcement, or public health purposes, or if the display is required, authorized, or excepted under any Federal law). This bill would also would prohibit any federal, state, or local government from displaying Social Security numbers on public records posted on the Internet or from printing them on government checks.

What is interesting to note is a clause at the beginning of the bill where the Senate actually “acknowledges” the seriousness of these issues by stating the following:

“The inappropriate display, sale, or purchase of Social Security numbers has contributed to a growing range of illegal activities, including fraud, identity theft, and, in some cases, stalking and other violent crimes.”

Again, yet another example of how security and privacy will continue to be a formidable topic in Washington, D.C. and rightfully so.

Visit the official SAS 70 Resource Guide and the official PCI DSS Resource Guide to learn about two of the most prominent and well-known compliance issues affecting businesses today.

Data Breach Notification Act (Introduced in Senate) | S. 139

Well, Regulatory Compliance, Governance, and Security is alive and well in Washington, D.C. again. Don’t be fooled to thinking that the current laws will be the end. The ongoing push for these initiatives, along with an added emphasis on privacy and the protection of the consumer, will continue. As I have stated a number of times, compliance initiatives like PCI DSS are just the beginning.

On January 6, 2009, Senator Dianne Feinstein introduced the Data Breach Notification Act, introduced in the Senate as S. 139. Read below for some of the bills notable highlights:

“Any agency, or business entity engaged in interstate commerce, that uses, accesses, transmits, stores, disposes of or collects sensitive personally identifiable information shall, following the discovery of a security breach of such information notify any resident of the United States whose sensitive personally identifiable information has been, or is reasonably believed to have been, accessed, or acquired.”

And how about one of the provisions for enforcement of the bill, which states the following:

“Civil Actions by the Attorney General- The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate United States district court against any business entity that engages in conduct constituting a violation of this Act and, upon proof of such conduct by a preponderance of the evidence, such business entity shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $1,000 per day per individual whose sensitive personally identifiable information was, or is reasonably believed to have been, accessed or acquired by an unauthorized person, up to a maximum of $1,000,000 per violation, unless such conduct is found to be willful or intentional.”

To sum it up, compliance, as I stated earlier, is alive and well.

Visit the official SAS 70 Resource Guide and the official PCI DSS Resource Guide to learn more about two of the most well-known compliance initiatives currently affecting organizations in today’s business environment.

Will HIPAA compliance ever have any Teeth like SAS 70 and PCI DSS?

HIPAA, The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, has been with us for years now. Upon reading through the vast and cumbersome documentation, one quickly realizes that HIPAA has many moving parts, enough to make you truly gaze at amazement as to what the actual explicit intent is for compliance. In regards to the security provisions of HIPAA, The Department of Health and Human Services, 45 CFR Parts 160, 162, and 164, Health Insurance Reform: Security Standards; Final Rule, there are a number of broad based requirements for ensuring HIPAA compliance.

But that’s really where it ends, because unlike a SAS 70 Type II audit and a Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) assessment, compliance is, for the most part, not actively overseen. What does it really mean to be HIPAA compliant? What part of HIPAA do organizations need to be compliant with? What are the true penalties for non-compliance, if any?

HIPAA needs to take a more aggressive approach, possibly a revision of the law along with explicit rules for what compliance is and for what part of the HIPAA legislation. Only then will HIPAA really have the bite like SAS 70 or PCI DSS.